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BMJ Open Dec 2022Halitosis is defined as a foul odour emitted from the oral cavity. Many interventions have been used to control halitosis from mouthwashes to chewing gums. Probiotics... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Halitosis is defined as a foul odour emitted from the oral cavity. Many interventions have been used to control halitosis from mouthwashes to chewing gums. Probiotics have been reported as an alternative method to alleviate halitosis.
OBJECTIVE
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics on halitosis from a time perspective.
DESIGN AND METHODS
This is a meta-analysis study performed in indexed databases up to February 2021. Randomised controlled trials that compared the effects of probiotics and placebo on primary outcomes (organoleptic (OLP) scores and volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels) and secondary outcomes (tongue coating scores (TCS) and plaque index (PI)) were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. Publication bias and leave-one-out analyses were performed.
RESULTS
The standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI were calculated to synthesise data. The data were subgrouped and analysed in the short term (≤4 weeks) and long term (>4 weeks) based on the follow-up time. Seven articles were included in this meta-analysis. The primary outcomes, OLP scores (SMD=-0.58; 95% CI -0.87 to -0.30, p<0.0001) and VSC levels (SMD=-0.26; 95% CI -0.51 to -0.01, p=0.04), both decreased significantly in the probiotics group compared with the placebo group in the short term. However, a significant reduction was observed only in OLP scores (SMD=-0.45; 95% CI -0.85 to -0.04, p=0.03) in the long term. No significant differences were observed in secondary outcomes. There was no evidence of publication bias. The leave-one-out analysis confirmed that the pooled estimate was stable.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the results of this work, it seems that probiotics (eg, , , and ) may relieve halitosis in the short term (≤4 weeks). The results of the biased assessment, limited data and heterogeneity of the clinical trials included might reduce the reliability of the conclusions.
Topics: Humans; Halitosis; Reproducibility of Results; Mouthwashes; Mouth; Sulfur Compounds; Probiotics
PubMed: 36600415
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060753 -
Microorganisms Oct 2023Childhood obesity is a major public health problem worldwide with an increasing prevalence, associated not only with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance,... (Review)
Review
Childhood obesity is a major public health problem worldwide with an increasing prevalence, associated not only with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but also with psychosocial problems. Gut microbiota is a new factor in childhood obesity, which can modulate the blood lipopolysaccharide levels, the satiety, and fat distribution, and can ensure additional calories to the host. The aim of this review was to assess the differences and the impact of the gut microbial composition on several obesity-related complications such as metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, or insulin resistance. Early dysbiosis was proven to be associated with an increased predisposition to obesity. Depending on the predominant species, the gut microbiota might have either a positive or negative impact on the development of obesity. Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics were suggested to have a positive effect on improving the gut microbiota and reducing cardio-metabolic risk factors. The results of clinical trials regarding probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic administration in children with metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, and insulin resistance are controversial. Some of them (, , and ) were proven to reduce the body mass index in obese children, and also improve the blood lipid content; others (, , , , , and fructo-oligosaccharides) failed in proving any effect on lipid parameters and glucose metabolism. Further studies are necessary for understanding the mechanism of the gut microbiota in childhood obesity and for developing low-cost effective strategies for its management.
PubMed: 38004665
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112651 -
Microbial Biotechnology Nov 2020The gut microbiota plays pivotal roles in liver disease onset and progression. The protective effects of Lactobacillus salivarius Li01 on liver diseases have been...
The gut microbiota plays pivotal roles in liver disease onset and progression. The protective effects of Lactobacillus salivarius Li01 on liver diseases have been reported. In this study, we aimed to detect the protective effect of L. salivarius Li01 on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced acute liver injury and hyperammonaemia. C57BL/6 mice were separated into three groups and given a gavage of L. salivarius Li01 or phosphate-buffered saline for 7 days. Acute liver injury and hyperammonaemia were induced with an intraperitoneal TAA injection. L. salivarius Li01 decreased mortality and serum transaminase levels and improved histological liver damage caused by TAA. Serum inflammatory cytokine and chemokine and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) concentrations, nuclear factor κB (NFκB) pathway activation and macrophage and neutrophil infiltration into the liver were significantly alleviated by L. salivarius Li01. L. salivarius Li01 also reinforced gut barrier and reshaped the perturbed gut microbiota by upregulating Bacteroidetes and Akkermansia richness and downregulating Proteobacteria, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_014 and Helicobacter richness. Plasma and faecal ammonia levels declined noticeably in the Li01 group, accompanied by improvements in cognitive function, neuro-inflammation and relative brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression. Our results indicated that L. salivarius Li01 could be considered a potential probiotic in acute liver injury and hepatic encephalopathy (HE).
Topics: Animals; Hyperammonemia; Ligilactobacillus salivarius; Liver; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Thioacetamide
PubMed: 32652882
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13629 -
Poultry Science Mar 2022Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most toxic mycotoxins. It has been reported that dietary exposure to AFB1 is related to the low growth performance, immunosuppression,...
Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation on the growth performance, liver function, meat quality, immune responses and Salmonella Pullorum infection resistance of broilers challenged with Aflatoxin B1.
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most toxic mycotoxins. It has been reported that dietary exposure to AFB1 is related to the low growth performance, immunosuppression, and high susceptibility to infectious diseases of chickens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of Lactobacillus salivarius on broiler chickens challenged with AFB1. First, AFB1 degradation ability of Lactobacillus salivarius was measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Then, the Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly assigned to experimental groups. The effects of Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation on the growth performance, liver function, and meat quality were measured, and immune response was also determined after vaccination with attenuated infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccine of broilers challenged with AFB1. Besides, resistance to Salmonella Pullorum infection along with AFB1 exposure was determined in broilers. The results showed that Lactobacillus salivarius could effectively degrade AFB1. Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation improved growth performance, liver function, and meat quality of broilers challenged with AFB1. In addition, Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation resulted in enhanced specific antibody and IFN-γ production, and lymphocyte proliferation in broilers challenged with AFB1 after IBDV vaccine immunization. Furthermore, Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation enhanced Salmonella Pullorum infection resistance in broilers challenged with AFB1. Our results revealed a tremendous potential of Lactobacillus salivarius as feed additive to degrading AFB1 and increasing broilers production performance in poultry production.
Topics: Aflatoxin B1; Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Immunity; Ligilactobacillus salivarius; Liver; Meat; Salmonella
PubMed: 34999537
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101651 -
MicrobiologyOpen Jan 2019The aim of this study was to characterize and compare selected Lactobacillus strains originating from different environments (cow milk and hen feces) with respect to...
The aim of this study was to characterize and compare selected Lactobacillus strains originating from different environments (cow milk and hen feces) with respect to their applicative potential to colonize gastrointestinal track of chickens before hatching from an egg. In vitro phenotypic characterization of lactobacilli strains included the investigation of the important prerequisites for persistence in gastrointestinal tract, such as a capability to survive in the presence of bile salts and at low pH, enzymatic and sugar metabolic profiles, adhesion abilities, and resistance to osmolytes, temperature, and antibiotics. Regarding the resistance of lactobacilli to most of the various stress factors tested, the milk isolate Lactobacillus plantarum IBB3036 showed better abilities than the chicken feces isolate Lactobacillus salivarius IBB3154. However, regarding the acidification tolerance and adherence ability, L. salivarius IBB3154 revealed better characteristics. Use of these two selected lactobacilli isolates together with proper prebiotics resulted in the preparation of two S1 and S2 bioformulations, which were injected in ovo into hen Cobb500 FF fertilized eggs. Furthermore, in vivo tests assessing the persistence of L. plantarum IBB3036 and L. salivarius IBB3154 in the chicken gastrointestinal tract was monitored by PCR-based classical and quantitative techniques and revealed the presence of both strains in fecal samples collected 3 days after hatching. Subsequently, the number of L. salivarius IBB3154 increased significantly in the chicken intestine, whereas the presence of L. plantarum IBB3036 was gradually decreased.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Load; Chickens; Feces; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Tract; Lactobacillus plantarum; Ligilactobacillus salivarius; Microbial Viability; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Poultry Diseases; Probiotics; Time Factors
PubMed: 29575743
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.620 -
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care Apr 2020Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit strong insulin resistance or abnormal insulin production. Probiotics, which are beneficial live micro-organisms...
OBJECTIVES
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit strong insulin resistance or abnormal insulin production. Probiotics, which are beneficial live micro-organisms residing naturally in the intestinal tract, play indispensable roles in the regulation of host metabolism. However, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we evaluate the mechanisms by which probiotic strains mediate glycemic regulation in the host. The findings should enable the development of a safe and natural treatment for patients with T2DM.
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND METHODS
Sugar consumption by more than 20 strains of species was first evaluated. The probiotic strains that exhibited high efficiency of sugar consumption were further coincubated with Caco-2 cells to evaluate the regulation of sugar absorption in gut epithelial cells. Finally, potential probiotic strains were selected and introduced into a T2DM animal model to study their therapeutic efficacy.
RESULTS
Among the tested strains, AP-32 and GL-104 had higher monosaccharide consumption rates and regulated the expression of monosaccharide transporters. Glucose transporter type-5 and Na-coupled glucose transporter mRNAs were downregulated in Caco-2 cells after AP-32 and GL-104 treatment, resulting in the modulation of intestinal hexose uptake. Animal studies revealed that diabetic mice treated with AP-32, GL-104, or both showed significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance and blood lipid profiles, and attenuated diabetes-mediated liver and kidney injury.
CONCLUSION
Our data elucidate a novel role for probiotics in glycemic regulation in the host. AP-32 and GL-104 directly reduce monosaccharide transporter expression in gut cells and have potential as therapeutic probiotics for patients with T2DM.
Topics: Animals; Caco-2 Cells; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Kidney; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Ligilactobacillus salivarius; Liver; Mice
PubMed: 32332068
DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001028 -
Microbial Genomics Sep 2017, found in the intestinal microbiota of humans and animals, is studied as an example of the sub-dominant intestinal commensals that may impart benefits upon their host....
, found in the intestinal microbiota of humans and animals, is studied as an example of the sub-dominant intestinal commensals that may impart benefits upon their host. Strains typically harbour at least one megaplasmid that encodes functions contributing to contingency metabolism and environmental adaptation. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)transcriptomic analysis of strain UCC118 identified the presence of a novel unusually abundant long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) encoded by the megaplasmid, and which represented more than 75 % of the total RNA-seq reads after depletion of rRNA species. The expression level of this 520 nt lncRNA in UCC118 exceeded that of the 16S rRNA, it accumulated during growth, was very stable over time and was also expressed during intestinal transit in a mouse. This lncRNA sequence is specific to the species; however, among 45 genomes analysed, not all (only 34) harboured the sequence for the lncRNA. This lncRNA was produced in 27 tested strains, but at strain-specific expression levels. High-level lncRNA expression correlated with high megaplasmid copy number. Transcriptome analysis of a deletion mutant lacking this lncRNA identified altered expression levels of genes in a number of pathways, but a definitive function of this new lncRNA was not identified. This lncRNA presents distinctive and unique properties, and suggests potential basic and applied scientific developments of this phenomenon.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Ligilactobacillus salivarius; Mice; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Long Noncoding; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, RNA
PubMed: 29114404
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000126 -
Microorganisms Jul 2021is a highly prevalent and harmful gastrointestinal pathogen. Antibiotic resistance and biofilm complexity have led to a decrease in the cure rate. Probiotics are...
is a highly prevalent and harmful gastrointestinal pathogen. Antibiotic resistance and biofilm complexity have led to a decrease in the cure rate. Probiotics are considered to be an adjuvant therapy for clinical infections. However, there is no substantial explanation for the adjuvant role of probiotics on biofilm. In this study, the effects of probiotics in combination with amoxicillin (AMX) and clarithromycin (CLR) on biofilms were explored in vitro for the first time. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) for was determined by the microbroth dilution method, and the plate counting method was used to determine the minimum biofilm removal concentration (MBEC) and survival rate for biofilm. The biofilm structure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), protein and polysaccharide contents in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were determined by the Bradford method and the phenol-sulfate method, respectively. The gene expression levels of and were evaluated by real-time qPCR. Among the ten strains, the clinical strain 3192 showed the strongest film-forming ability, the 3192 biofilms significantly improved the resistance to AMX and CLR, and AMX and CLR showed antagonistic effects on planktonic 3192 cells. When the LN12 cell-free supernatant (CFS) was in combination with AMX and CLR, the 3192 biofilm structure was destroyed to a greater extent than when separately; more biofilm biomass and protein in EPS was decreased; and the downregulation effect of the virulence gene was also greater than that of single use. In this study, we suggest that the addition of LN12 to AMX and CLR may enhance the therapeutic effect of triple therapy, especially for the treatment of biofilms.
PubMed: 34442690
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081611 -
Microorganisms Jun 2019Emerging threats of antimicrobial resistance necessitate the exploration of effective alternatives for healthy livestock growth strategies. 'Immunosynbiotics', a...
Emerging threats of antimicrobial resistance necessitate the exploration of effective alternatives for healthy livestock growth strategies. 'Immunosynbiotics', a combination of immunoregulatory probiotics and prebiotics with synergistic effects when used together in feed, would be one of the most promising candidates. Lactobacilli are normal residents of the gastrointestinal tract of pigs, and many of them are able to exert beneficial immunoregulatory properties. On the other hand, wakame (), an edible seaweed, has the potential to be used as an immunoregulatory prebiotic when added to livestock feed. Therefore, in order to develop a novel immunosynbiotic, we isolated and characterized immunoregulatory lactobacilli with the ability to utilize wakame. Following a month-long in vivo wakame feeding trial in 8-week-old Landrace pigs ( = 6), sections of intestinal mucous membrane were processed for bacteriological culture and followed by identification of pure colonies by 16S rRNA sequence. Each isolate was characterized in vitro in terms of their ability to assimilate to the wakame and to differentially modulate the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon beta (IFN-β) in the porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells triggered by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and TLR-3 activation, respectively. We demonstrated that feeding wakame to pigs significantly increased the lactobacilli population in the small intestine. We established a wakame-component adjusted culture media that allowed the isolation and characterization of a total of 128 colonies from the gut of wakame-fed pigs. Interestingly, several isolates showed both high wakame assimilation ability and immunomodulatory capacities. Among the wakame assimilating isolates, FFIG71 showed a significantly higher capacity to upregulate the IL-6 expression, and FFIG131 showed significantly higher capacity to upregulate the IFN-β expression; these could be used as immunobiotic strains in combination with wakame for the development of novel immunologically active feeds for pigs.
PubMed: 31174334
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7060167 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Oct 2023This study aimed to identify oral Lactobacillus species and characterize their adhesion properties and antibacterial activity in patients with periodontitis compared...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to identify oral Lactobacillus species and characterize their adhesion properties and antibacterial activity in patients with periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy individuals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three hundred and fifty-four isolates from the saliva, subgingival, and tongue plaque of 59 periodontitis patients and 59 healthy individuals were analyzed. Oral Lactobacillus species were identified through the culture method in the modified MRS medium and confirmed by molecular testing. Moreover, the radial diffusion assay and cell culture methods were used to determine the antibacterial activities of oral strains against oral pathogens and their adhesion activity in vitro.
RESULTS
67.7% of the cases and 75.7% of the control samples were positive for the Lactobacillus species. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Limosilactobacillus fermentum were the dominant species in the case group, whereas Lacticaseibacillus casei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were dominant in the control group. Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus gasseri had higher antibacterial effects against oral pathogens. Moreover, Ligilactobacillus salivarius and L. fermentum demonstrated the highest ability to adhere to oral mucosal cells and salivary-coated hydroxyapatite.
CONCLUSION
L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. fermentum, and L. salivarius can be introduced as probiotic candidates since they demonstrated appropriate adherence to oral mucosal cells and salivary-coated hydroxyapatite and also antibacterial activities. However, further studies should be conducted to assess the safety of probiotic interventions using these strains in patients with periodontal disease.
Topics: Humans; Lactobacillus; Periodontitis; Probiotics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hydroxyapatites
PubMed: 37078410
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.740